International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics (IJCBE)
International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics (IJCBE) is publishing high-quality multidisciplinary research focusing on business and economics in developing and emerging markets. International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics publishes rigorous theoretical and empirical research on developing and emerging markets from multidisciplinary (Management, Finance, Marketing, Human resource, Supply Chain, and Economics) and multinational geographic perspectives. The journal publishes qualitative and quantitative research and reviews articles, such as meta-analyses. IJCBE especially encourages comparative studies of emerging markets or studies comparing emerging markets with developed markets and seeks theories explaining the contextual differences. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES IJCBE has multifaceted goals and objectives. The primary purpose of the journal is to provide a valuable forum for the dissemination of knowledge throughout the academic community, and it also seeks to foster a scholastic dialogue that includes both theoretical and practical perspectives. It seeks to facilitate the exchange of cutting-edge research, ideas, and insights between business and economics scholars, academics, and practitioners. Through meticulous peer-review processes, IJCBE endeavours to contribute to the advancement of knowledge. By exhibiting research from diverse geographical regions, IJCBE seeks to promote international collaboration and comprehension by recognising the interconnectedness of contemporary global issues. The ultimate objective of the journal is to contribute to rational decision-making by providing pertinent insights and evidence to academics, policymakers, and industry professionals. SCOPE International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics (IJCBE) is a biannual, peer-reviewed international research journal that addresses both applied and theoretical issues. SUBMISSION IJCBE exclusively accepts submissions through its official website via the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform (www.IJCBE.com). This web-based submission system enables authors to submit their research articles and scholarly works in a straightforward and structured manner. Using OJS improves communication and transparency throughout the peer review and publication process, in line with the journal's commitment to academic rigor. For complete guidance on how to submit, authors are encouraged to consult the journal's website for submission guidelines.
Tabeer-E-Arman Research Consultancy (SMC-Private) Limited
The Impact of Green Technological Innovation, Financial Development on Green Energy Transition: Evidence from Pakistan
This research aims to explore the nexus between financial development, green technological innovation, and green energy transition in Pakistan. The association is explored using secondary data comprising the period 2005–2023, sourced from the World Bank database and analyzed using E-Views software. The findings indicate that all variables have a positive effect on green energy transition; however, financial development shows a significant association whereas green technological innovation shows an insignificant association. The study emphasizes the importance of stronger institutional frameworks and innovation-friendly policies to improve green transition outcomes in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nida Shah, Dr. Muhammad Wamiq, Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim Shamsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Freedom, political Trust and Economics of Happiness: Insights from Pakistan
This study find to extend the existing theories of happiness centered on income to include variables related to the subjective well-being in Pakistan and the impact of personal autonomy and trust in political and civil institutions. It looks at the effects of perceived autonomy and trust in political and public institutions on happiness, using the data from the 7th Wave of the World Values Survey (2022) in developing country facing governance and socio-economic challenges. The study employs a two-level mixed-effects ordered logistic regression approach, which takes into account the hierarchy of the data (individuals nested within communities). The findings demonstrate that perceived personal autonomy is a strong predictor of happiness, even controlling for the effects of income, health, education and other demographic variables. Health is an important positive factor of happiness, while food insecurity and victimization by crime is a negative factor. Perceived trust has mixed results: trust in courts, civil service, government and the press is positively associated with happiness while trust in parliament is negatively associated, which is a sign of problems in the quality of parliament. This research is in line with the capability approach and economics of happiness in terms of freedom, institutional efficiency and socio-economic insecurity being the basic aspects of well-being. This chapter concludes that policies to increase the happiness in Pakistan should not solely aim at economic development, but also increasing personal freedom, institutional credibility and personal security.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samia Awais, Shahzad Kouser, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional Governance, Emergent Adaptations, and Corporate CO2 Emissions: A Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective
This study attempts to fill the gap in understanding how institutional governance influences CO₂ emissions through environmental pressures. By integrating institutional theory with complex adaptive systems perspectives, this study examines interactions among governance quality, flexible organizational structure and Co2 emission outcomes. Panel vector autoregressive (VAR) framework is applied to data that is specifically taken from 500 multinational corporations over the period 2014–2024. From this sample countries dataset, the focus is on governance indicators (voice and accountability, control of corruption), adaptation proxies (vulnerability indices, renewable energy adoption rates), and CO2 emission scopes. The modeling of this paper uses High-dimensional fixed effects (HDFE) where moderated-mediation analysis is performed that is drawn on Thomson Reuters ESG datasets. The results reveal that governance framework minimizes climate vulnerability, thereby CO2 emissions is control to a certain extent. Further, the model is tested through interactions with corporate social responsibility (CSR) committees that shows minimal moderation that is suggesting governance influences primarily through adaptive capacity. Understanding of these patterns show heterogeneous responses across emission categories aligning with institutional pressures. These patterns underscore heterogeneous responses across emission categories, aligning with institutional pressures and system emergence. The emergent adaptions work as mediator to see the association between governance and emissions. This offers a novel insight of firm level shadow dynamics that is explained through complex adaptive system (CAS) offering novel insights into shadow dynamics and vulnerability in complex systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Kamran Hameed , Mr. Aly Raza Syed , Dr. Syed Ahmad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Instability in Pakistan: The Role of Governance Quality and Macroeconomic Management
The economy of Pakistan is at the brink of default. Currently Pakistan is facing intense economic instability that is characterized by high inflation, depreciating currency, declining foreign reserves and increasing dependence on debt. Whereas such type of crisis are not unprecedented in the history of country, the repetition of these issues points to profound structural challenges. This paper examines the main governance and economic-related factors that are contributing to persistent economic instability in Pakistan. Gathering secondary data from IMF, World bank, and Pakistan’s economic survey , the study examines trends in tax revenue, investment, current account deficits and and governance indicators like government effectiveness, political stability and corruption. The findings of the study underline the interplay between poor macroeconomic management and weak institutional performance as an important drivers of instability. The study provides policy recommendations that are aimed at improving economic resilience, political stability and institutional accountability by giving a framework for informed policy-making and sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Aamir Hanif Raja , Shazia Ehsan , Iqra Sultan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review on Lean Green Methodology for Pakistani Manufacturing SMEs Sustainability Performance
Sustainability performance achievement using the operations (lean practice) and green (environmental) practices are frequently discussed topics in business literature. However, there have been minimal efforts at integrating the concepts of Lean and Green concerning sustainability performance in Pakistani SMEs. Hence, this paper evaluates the importance of the implementation of Lean, Green practices on Pakistani SMEs' sustainability performance. As these manufacturing practices are adopted, economic savings, environmental performance and increased social outcomes are achieved. Lean green practices help to produce products at lower costs, ensuring the highest quality, also according to the needs and demands of customers. Therefore, this study reviews Pakistani SMEs to understand the importance of Lean Green practices for the achievement of operational excellence, to mitigate environmental concerns and to pursue the path towards Sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maryam Pervez khan, Tan Owee Kowang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Despotic Leadership cause help Seeking Behavior? The Mediation of Feed Back Avoidance in Health Sector
Drawing on conservation of resources theory (COR), the current study investigates how despotic leadership cause help seeking behavior in health sector. Additionally, it investigates, the mediation of feed-back avoidance between despotic leadership and help seeking behavior. The data was collected through convenience sampling from Junior doctors having less than one year experience working in public sector hospitals and was analyzed through Structural equation modeling in PLS 4. The findings revealed a positive association between despotic leadership and help seeking behavior. Additionally, it was also found that feedback avoidance mediated the positive relationship between despotic leadership and help seeking behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samar Batool Shah , Ali Bux , Ambreen Shaikh, Sehrish Bukhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Performance in Pakistan: A Mixed-Methods Study
In this study, we delve into the realm of humanitarian logistics and supply chain management, a field crucial for the timely and efficient delivery of essential goods and services during crises. Our objective is to uncover practices and strategies that enhance performance in this context, using Leopards Courier Services in Pakistan as a case study. We try to derive comprehensive findings from this research by applying an explanatory mixed-methods research design: quantitative analysis, followed by qualitative interviews with middle managers and By analyzing the data gathered using an online questionnaire from 200 middle managers of Leopards Courier Services, it was found that the level of procurement practices, software adoption, and contingency planning has a strong positive relationship with overall supply chain performance. On the qualitative side, the insights underline increasing importance given to digitalization, challenges in last-mile delivery, and agility in operations. This case study represents how well commercial logistics principles apply in humanitarian contexts. This finding does, however, highlight that technology, performance measurement, and adaptive strategies are some of the key imperatives in humanitarian logistics. Bridging the frontier between commercial and humanitarian logistics becomes salient toward building strong and resilient supply chains, most effective for support among distressed communities. This is the kind of study that not only narrates but also reinstates the essence of undertaking a mixed-method approach toward betterment in humanitarian logistics. This may enable policymakers to promote the advent of technology, support investments for the development of human resource development through training programs and advocate contingent planning. Future research could focus on longitudinal trends and cross-sector comparisons to further our understanding of this field.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Ayyaz Ahmed , Dr. Hassan Mujtaba N. Saleem , Prof. Dr. Jawad Iqbal, Dr. Sehar Asghar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Multidimensional Well-Being: Evidence from Pakistan
This study investigates the determinants of multidimensional well-being in Pakistan, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing multi-facet happiness. Drawing on a rich literature review, the research identifies key influencing factors of well-being, including economic, social, cultural, and psychological factors for analysis. Utilizing data from the World Value Survey and employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and ordered probit regression, the study finds that health status is the strongest predictor of well-being, followed by security, social values, and trust. These results align with existing theories that emphasize the importance of social connections and personal security in enhancing life satisfaction. Interestingly, perceptions of income factors also appear to significantly affect well-being, underscoring the need for policies that promote economic equity The analysis reveals varying results in the impact of factors such as ethical values and innovation on well-being dimension, suggesting areas for further exploration. The study highlights the urgent need for culturally relevant frameworks to measure well-being, calling for policymakers to consider not just economic indicators but also social and emotional dimensions. Based on these findings, the research offers several policy recommendations, including enhancing healthcare access, strengthening social security programs, fostering trust and social capital, and promoting inclusive economic policies. By implementing these strategies, policymakers can create a supportive environment that enhances well-being and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiz Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Abdul Majeed Nadeem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socio-economic and Environmental Impact of Tourism Development in Rural area of Abbottabad: A case study of Harnoi Lake
This study analyzes the socio-economic and environmental effects of tourism development in rural area of Abbottabad, A case study of Harnoi Lake. Tourism is associated with local development and livelihood enhancement, hence it also creates economic and ecological pressure and complex culture. By employing qualitative research design, forty interviews were conducted with residents, shopkeepers, government officials and restaurant employees. Purposive, snowball and convenience sampling methods facilitated the access to different groups of stakeholder. The findings of the study show that tourism contributes to generation of employment, expansion of small enterprises, improved household and growth in infrastructure. Hence inflation in basic commodities, rising prices of land, fluctuation in seasonal income and unequal benefit distribution have generated economic vulnerabilities. Socially, community reported cultural disruption, increased conflict during tourist flow, decreased social cohesion. Environmental degradation has emerged as a most crucial challenge that reflected in accumulation of waste, loss of biodiversity, congestion and water contamination. The results focus on the need for planning of sustainable tourism, regulatory frameworks to protect the natural resources and the strategies which strengthen local participation. The research offers empirical evidences from rural tourist destination of Pakistan and also contributes to research on tourism-induced socioeconomic and environmental transformations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iqra Sultan , Abdul Qayoom Solangi , Fazeela Aziz , Ashfaque Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Driving Sustainable Consumption: The Impact of Green Product Attributes and Consumer Trust on Green Purchase Intention
The research aims to study the effects of being aware of green products and developing trust on green purchasing intention among post-millennial customers in Pakistan. It further investigates how green purchasing is affected by how sensitive people are to prices, their influence on the social environment and their perceptions of green value. Data was collected by distributing a closed ended questionnaire online to 179 customers in Karachi. For this study, a purposive sample was used to include respondents who had already expressed interest in green products. To profile the demographics, IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21 was used. Evaluation of the model’s validity, reliability and expected structure among the constructs was carried out using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2. Green purchase intention increased whenever green perceived value also increased which in turn benefited from both green product awareness and green trust. It is also found that green perceived value affects the ability of awareness and trust to reach purchase intention. It was also found that the link between green buying intentions and green value is strengthened by social influence but weakened by how sensitive people are to prices. These findings suggest that marketers and sustainability focused groups should increase customer trust, green product education, and harness the power of societal norms to increase sustainable consumption. Policymakers can incentivize the wider adoption of green products to remove price barriers. This research contributes to the growing literature on sustainable consumer behavior in developing countries by bringing together cognitive, emotive, and contextual factors under a single framework. It provides practical recommendations for promoting mindful consumption as per Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Copyright (c) 2026 Altaf Hussain, Kanwal Hussain, Javed Ahmed, Hassan Arif Siddiqui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Factors that Affect Customer Loyalty during Hotel Stay: A Study of Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction in Pakistan
The study investigates the impact of services cape factors—furnishings, customer service, brand image, and amenities on customer loyalty in the hotel industry of Pakistan, examining customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research adopts a quantitative design using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire distributed among hotel guests in Hyderabad, Karachi, and Lahore. Data from 98 valid responses were analyzed through regression analysis using SPSS to test four hypotheses. Findings reveal significant relationships among services cape, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Results further confirm partial mediation of customer satisfaction in the relationship between services cape and loyalty, indicating that the physical and experiential environment significantly enhances guest satisfaction, which in turn strengthens loyalty intentions. The study contributes empirical evidence from a developing-country context to the hospitality literature, emphasizing the pivotal role of service quality and ambience in driving repeat patronage. Managerially, hotel operators are encouraged to prioritize personalized customer service, aesthetic interior design, and functional amenities that align with guest expectations to sustain competitive advantage. Future research should extend to cross-cultural or longitudinal analyses to better understand evolving customer perceptions post-pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ume Rubab , Samar Batool Shah, Zehra Abdul Ahad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Brains and Bytes: Linking Intellectual Capital and Digital Transformation to the Triple Bottom Line Performance of Manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan
In an increasingly competitive and technology-driven environment, manufacturing SMEs are under pressure to integrate digital transformation strategies to remain sustainable. This study develops a conceptual model to examine the influence of intellectual capital (IC) – human, structural, and relational – on sustainable performance, with digital transformation as a mediating factor, drawing on the knowledge-based view and dynamic capabilities theory. A structured questionnaire survey was administered to manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan using purposive sampling. A total of 215 valid responses were obtained. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed via SmartPLS 4.0 to assess the measurement model for reliability and validity, and to test the hypothesized relationships in the structural model. The results confirm that IC positively influences digital transformation, which in turn significantly enhances sustainable performance across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Furthermore, digital transformation mediates the relationship between IC and sustainable performance, indicating its pivotal role in translating knowledge resources into long-term value creation. This study extends empirical evidence on the interrelationship between IC, digital transformation, and sustainability in the manufacturing SME context. The findings provide theoretical insights into leveraging IC for digital adoption and offer practical guidance for SME leaders and policymakers seeking to foster resilience, innovation, and sustainable growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kanwal Hussain , Dr. Junaid Ansari , Dr. Shujaat Mubarik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Curricula Assessment and Sustainability Key Competencies: A Case of MUET, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Education stands the pivotal process safeguarding the continuity of the human race. It serves as the propelling force for advancing both human society and technology. The persistence of human society, the well-being of its environment, and the evolution of its technology axis upon the education process. Engineering educators are urged to adopt a strategic mindset that aligns curricula with long-term sustainability objectives in their respective fields. The Chemical, Civil, Petroleum, and Textile disciplines of engineering universities play pivotal roles in shaping industries and addressing sustainability challenges. The assessment focused on five fundamental sustainability competencies. A score of 1 was assigned for each SKC identified, with a maximum potential score of five (5) per course, representing one for each SKC. In total, 170 courses were analyzed, and 316 signs of SKCs were found in the course content of 2015–2016 curricula of MUET, this accounts for an average of 1.85 signs each university course. The key competences (SKC) of four disciplines in Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET) revealed that signs of SKC-1, Systems-thinking Competence was found in the highest in number of (102 signs), SKC-5, Interpersonal Competence (69 signs), SKC 4, Strategic Competence (64 signs), and SKC-2, Normative Competence (62 signs). Overall, the findings underscore the multifaceted nature of competency integration within MUET's departments, highlighting both strengths and opportunities for enhancement across the institution. Moving forward, targeted interventions and collaborative efforts among departments can further optimize curricular alignment with industry demands and societal needs, ultimately fostering the development of well-rounded graduates equipped to address the complexities of their respective fields.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sadia Akhund , Wahid Bux Mangrio, Iffat Batol Naqvi, Abdul Sami Qureshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green HRM Matters: A Road Map for Achieving Environmental Performance and Employee Engagement Behavior
Green HRM (GHRM) methods are being used by companies to foster sustainability expectations and then evaluate environmental sustainability. The effects of GHRM practices on employee commitment, behavior, and corporate environment sustainability were the main focus of this study. Green HRM methods can be used strategically to address and enhance workplace environmental challenges. The core aim is to explore how GHRM practices are crucial to establishing a long-lasting environment in businesses. It is a matter of giving importance to employee engagement behavior, creating a work environment that is safe and healthy for the employees, and lowering pollution and waste production, through which the environmental performance can be enhanced by the organizations. Since this research aims to investigate the relationship and results of GHRM practices, corporate environmental performance, and employee engagement behavior, implementing green HRM practices will boost profitability. This inquiry contributes to the body of literature review and critical analysis by highlighting the advantages of corporations' green actions and the role of GHRM practices in recent advancements. By emphasizing the benefits of companies' environmental initiatives and the part green HRM practices play in modern advances, it also contributes to the corpus of previous assessments and critical analysis.
Organizational Environmental Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Shagufta Chandio , Dr. Tania Mushtaque , Dr. Mushtaque Ali Jariko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Embedded Banking: An Inclusive Governance Framework for Non-Financial SMEs
The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) account for nearly 90% of the businesses globally and play a phenomenal role in driving innovation, creating employment and achieving economic growth as a whole. As the global financial landscape continues to undergo rapid technological transformations, the Embedded Finance has emerged as a game-changer for the global corporate sector, reshaping the way financial services are delivered and consumed. Based on an extensive review of extant literature and supporting theoretical frameworks, this research presents the concept of Embedded Banking and suggests a novel Conceptual Framework for the SME sector. Drawing theoretical basis from Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and Platform Ecosystem Theory, the proposed conceptual framework suggests non-financial service provider SMEs to become an active providers of banking services to be embedded into their core products, services and operations. By leveraging digital platforms, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and supporting regulatory mechanism, the suggested framework discusses how SMEs can offer tailored financial products & services in order to meet customer needs effectively. In addition, the framework emphasizes on the strategic role of partnerships, data-driven personalization and other required facilities in promoting the adoption of Embedded Banking. Particularly, the framework would assist SMEs in promoting financial inclusions and improving customer experience, thereby enhancing their financial performance and contributing to an overall economic growth. Last but not the least, from the SDGs perspective, the framework would directly contribute to the achievement of SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities).
Copyright (c) 2025 Muddassir Sayeed Siddiqui , Dr. Junaid Rehman, Dr. Shahida Suleman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Green Brand Awareness Influence Buying Behavior? Examining the Impact of Green Brand Image and Green Brand Loyalty
This study investigates the influence of green brand awareness on consumer buying behavior, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of green brand image and green brand loyalty. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing primary data collected through an online survey from 322 respondents in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The study adopted a non-probability convenience sampling technique. A structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale served as the primary data collection instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, employing statistical techniques including descriptive analysis, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between green brand awareness and green brand loyalty, suggesting that consumers who are more aware of green brands are more likely to develop loyalty toward them, thereby influencing their purchasing decisions. The study contributes to the existing body of literature on sustainable consumer behavior and offers practical insights for marketers aiming to strengthen green branding strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Iqrar Hussain Mari, Madiha Mahfooz, Altaf Hussain, Md. Uzir Hossain Uzir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Service Quality Factors on Patient Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Health Care Service in Nawabshah Pakistan
Health care sector is an important sector of economy. Countries who have a strong research and development have influential impact and reputation on other countries. Because patients who belong to any region only believe in those products and services that provide good healthcare. The healthcare system aims to meet the needs of its population in a distinct social and cultural manner. Its primary goal is to provide unbiased care. Patient or customer satisfaction is shaped by an individual's perceptions, which encompass both expectations and experiences. This study comprises of factors which are affecting patient satisfaction such as service quality, access mechanism, physician behavior, skill and patient satisfaction. This study demines that how strongly these variables influence on patient satisfaction. For this purpose, the data were collected from Nawabshah and the sample data was collected from various university’s students, employees, and doctors. Total questionnaires were 244 and it was founded that positive correlation among patient satisfaction, service quality, and access mechanism, physician behavior and skills with patient satisfaction and significant. So the findings of the study show that if servicer quality, access mechanism, physician behavior and skills in health care sector are improving then the patients tent toward are satisfied and their experience toward healthcare institutes would be increased, so this study shows that these factors or variables such as access mechanism, physician behavior and skills, service quality are the factors that influence the patient satisfaction level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sadia Akhund, Zeeshan Abid, Muhammad Asif Qureshi, Laiba Yousaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Synergizing Green Innovation and HRM Practices: Exploring the Mediating Role of Green Process and Green Product Innovation on Organizational Performance
Sustainability in organizations is one of the most persistent issues for ecologists and business managers today. The emerging urgency of environmental sustainability has compelled organizations to adopt green innovation practices aimed at balancing ecological responsibility with performance outcomes. This study investigates the impact of green innovation adoption on the three critical dimensions of organizational performance—operational, ecological, and production and evaluates the serial mediation roles of green process and green product innovation. This study offers a unique perspective and contribution by examining the serial mediation effect of green process and product innovations in the relationship between green innovation and multi-dimensional organizational performance. Unlike most prior research that views green innovation as a monolithic construct, this study separates its components to reveal interdependent pathways of innovation impact. Grounded on the Ecological Modernization Theory, the study conceptualizes green innovation through two dimensions: green adoption and green capacity. Whereas organizational performance is analyzed through three dimensions, including the organization’s production, ecological, and operational performance of organizations. The data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to managerial employees of five leading companies in the construction industry in Pakistan and was examined using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings demonstrate that green innovation significantly enhances ecological performance but has a weaker direct influence on operational and production outcomes. However, when green process innovation leads to green product innovation, a strong serial mediation effect emerges, highlighting their combined role in translating green innovation into comprehensive organizational performance gains. The study findings suggest that embracing green innovation is not only essential to advocate environmental sustainability in organizations, but it is also favorable towards business performance and productivity.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics (IJCBE) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Globalization on Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty Mediating Role of Cultural Adaptation
In the lens of the Pakistani automotive sector, this investigation intends to empirically investigate globalization and its implications on relationship marketing, customer loyalty, and positive cultural adaptation. For the research, 128 valid replies were acquired using a non-random sample method. The suggested model was examined using structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the research show that cultural adaptation is directly, favorably, and considerably impacted by globalization. Cultural adaptation has a partially moderating role in the interaction among globalization, relationship marketing, and client loyalty. It intends to expand on current understanding by establishing connections among globalization, relationship marketing, and consumer loyalty, utilizing cultural adaptability as a key mediator. Consequently, this study contributes to the existing literature on globalization and explores the diverse effects of globalization on advertising results.
The Influence of Brand Image and Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior: The Mediating Role of Brand Loyalty
This study explores the influence of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior, emphasizing the mediating role of brand loyalty. Drawing from survey data and a quantitative analysis approach, findings reveal a significant and positive impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior. A strong brand image was found to increase consumer trust, perceived value, and the overall likelihood of purchase, reinforcing that consumers gravitate towards brands that resonate with positive associations. Additionally, effective advertising was shown to elevate brand recall and create favorable impressions, which further motivates purchasing intentions. Brand loyalty emerged as a critical mediator in this relationship, amplifying the effects of both brand image and advertising on consumer buying behavior. Consumers with strong loyalty to a brand exhibited a heightened sensitivity to advertisements and displayed a preference for purchasing from brands they perceive as consistently delivering quality and value. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of brand image, advertising, and loyalty, suggesting that businesses that invest in enhancing their brand image and execute compelling advertisements can drive consumer buying behavior more effectively by cultivating brand loyalty. Finally, this recommends that companies should focus on creating consistent and authentic brand messages across all advertising platforms to strengthen their brand image. This approach will help reinforce positive associations, enhancing brand loyalty and driving purchase behavior, and by investing in loyalty programs and personalized marketing, brands can sustain long-term relationships with their consumers. These strategies would reinforce loyalty, encouraging repeat purchases and contributing to stronger brand advocacy.
Strategic Marketing Management: Achieving a Competitive Edge via Efficient Market Planning and Execution
This research examines the role of strategic marketing in achieving a competitive advantage, with a focus on effective market planning and execution strategies. The study aims to understand how well-implemented marketing strategies drive a competitive advantage. This study adopted a quantitative approach where data were gathered by use of structured questionnaires from key respondents practicing marketing functions in various industries. Data analysis confirms that strategic marketing has a significant impact on the competitiveness of a business where there is concentration on market responsiveness, brand placement, and other dynamic factors. The outcomes imply that companies that synchronize marketing strategies and have solid implementation plans will provide higher improvements and customer retention. Also, the role of flexibility and novelty in future marketing activities to support long-term success is mentioned. In sum, the research calls for the ongoing commitment to investment in data-driven marketing strategies as well as the periodic revision of marketing strategies in order to maintain the competitive advantage.
The Connectedness of NFTs with Green Bonds during Turbulent Times
The swift development of technology is reforming the global landscape, including the financial markets. The rise of digital assets, for instance, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), has changed investor behavior, however, it has also raised concerns about their environmental effect. Environmentally sentient firms have begun issuing green bonds to finance climate-positive projects. Concurrently, major catastrophic incidents, i.e., the Bitcoin-BTC price crash-2018, the COVID-19 epidemic, the enormous decrease in demand for oil-2020, and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have triggered substantial market volatility, additional changes in investor sentiment, and market dynamics. This study aims to inspect the connectedness of NFTs with green bonds during the aforementioned catastrophic events. The quantile connectedness with the extreme tail of distribution approach (Ando et al., 2022) is employed, spanning the time frame of 5-March-2018 to 22-May-2024. As per static quantile connectedness, the connectedness level is low in normal market states and high in extreme market states, which is corroborated by the market integration theory. Contrarily, dynamic quantile connectedness estimations specify that all NFTs and green bond switch their function from net transmitter to net receiver of spillovers and vice versa during catastrophic events. Additionally, this study is advantageous for investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers by providing them with valuable insight and practical implications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rija Anwar, Syed Ali Raza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Fair Treatment of Supplier and Procurement Policies and Knowledge Sharing on the Firm’s Supply Chain Performance in Manufacturing Companies of Pakistan
The rising interest of buyers in maintain long term relationship with their supplier in supply chain organizations to enhance the firm’s performance has led the focus of new research in justice in the buyer’s polices for supplier. Researchers had initiated an inquiry into the influence of justice on the buyer-supplier relationship. Despite of this increasing interest in studying the impact of fairness fewer studies have been carried out to examine the impact of knowledge sharing and trust on the relationship of buyer and supplier in context of fairness. Moreover, the real means of fairness are lessen defined in the previous studies. Therefore, to address this gap, the present study broadens the impact of fairness on the buyer and supplier relationship by defining it through procedural justice and distributive justice while assessing the mediating impact knowledge sharing on the relationship of fairness and firm’s supply chain performance along with the impact of trust to moderate the knowledge sharing based on perceived fairness in the relationship. To test the framework, Smart PLS was employed on the 250 valid responses. The results of the current research reveals that perceived fairness between buyer and supplier positively impacts the firm’s performance that was enhanced with the moderating role of knowledge sharing. Further it has also be seen that trust enhances the knowledge sharing based on the perceived fairness in the relationship.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Contemporary Business and Economics (IJCBE)
Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan during Covid-19 Pandemic
The oil industry in Pakistan had never experienced such difficulties as it endured during the pandemic of COVID-19. This study gears the link between company governance and the industry performance of petroleum sector firms within Pakistan during the crisis. Look at a company's key success indicators to get an idea of how healthy its finances are. Some of these are ROA, ROE, and EPS. The information for the study came from oil and gas (O&G) companies on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) that worked from 2020 to 2022.Look at a company's key success indicators to get an idea of how healthy its finances are. Some of these are ROA, ROE, and EPS. The information for the study came from oil and gas (O&G) companies on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) that worked from 2020 to 2022. The study employed PLS Path Modeling, whose basis is the SEM technique. The study suggests that Financial Results of Enterprises in the Oil and Gas in Pakistan during the COVID-19 Epidemic were not largely affected by corporate governance. The results of the work in this study give an important command for the policymakers and professionals holding the business functions and the investors, Those who want to know how better government affects overall financial success and those who want to know how pandemics affect world economies. It is essential to undertake disciplined studies to tackle multidimensional issues behind the industry of oil and Gas, in Pakistan having unstable economic periods.
Impact of International Crude Oil Price Volatility on Non-Food Inflation in Pakistan: Long-Term and Short-Term Perspective: An ARDL Approach
The study investigates volatility in international crude oil prices affect the pricing of non-food items prices in Pakistan. It also examines inflation in Pakistan is mainly attached to oil prices and determined as “monetary phenomena”. The "Quantity Theory of Money" (QTM) is used for theoretical justification. While empirical results were obtained using the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model) based on monthly time series from July 2001 to June 2019. The results revealed that oil prices are positive and statistically significant. Non-food inflation is proven to be more effective in the long run than to the short run with an order of 8 lags. Non-food inflation tends to fall by 1.59 % for every 1% increase in real national income, but non-food inflation rises by 1.10 % for every 1% increase in M2. In the long run, a 1% rise in External Debt (EXTDBT) has a 0.4 % impact on non-food inflation. While Non-food inflation would climb by 0.86 % with a 1% increase in current world oil prices. Whereas the real income coefficient is shown to be very elastic, the LSMI (Large Scale Manufacturing Index) coefficient is determined to be between 0.1 and 0.3 %. On average 0.11% non-food inflation occurs due to a percentage change in real M2. However, from a policy perspective, we suspect that inflation can be managed and solved by switching from crude oil to renewable energy, implementing contractionary policies, and enacting long-term solutions to monetary and fiscal challenges.
The Effects of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Firm Financial Performance Pre- and Post-Covid-19 of Public Listed Companies in Malaysia
This study investigated the effects of corporate governance mechanisms, on the financial performance of the top 500 publicly listed companies in Malaysia. DuPont Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression identified and addressed critical research gaps. The study analyzed the financial landscapes of Malaysia’s top 500 public listed companies from various sectors in 2018 and 2021. The results showcased a nuanced understanding of return on equity distribution, revealing a trend of moderately positive ROE for most PLCs in 2018. The 2021 analysis data revealed insignificant and bare disruptive effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the sampled public listed companies as there was an almost negligible number of companies that were affected by the outbreak. Multiple Linear Regression is showing a statistically significant positive relationship with firm financial performance. In contrast, board independence, size and tenure exhibited non-significant relationships, with nuanced interpretations of their potential impact. This study insights into the evolving landscape of corporate governance in Malaysia, highlighting the importance of resilience in the face of economic disruptions. This study advocates for continuous research to understand and enhance the resilience of corporate governance mechanisms in ensuring sustained financial performance in diverse industry contexts.
Nexus between Digital Marketing and Consumer Intention: Mediating role of Brand Awareness
The main aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of brand awareness in the nexus between digital marketing and consumer intention in the Pakistani digital market. For this purpose, data is collected from university students actively involved in online shopping along with marketing managers of large online companies. A thorough literature review regarding the previous research in the field of digital marketing is presented, along with theories supporting the study's hypothesis. An empirical investigation is conducted by adopting the questionnaires from previous studies. These questionnaires are sent to 400 respondents, and 345 are received back, of which 300 are complete and fit for data analysis. The tests used for quantitative data analysis include reliability analysis, correlation, and regression. Cronbach's alpha values of all constructs are above the acceptable level of 0.7, which confirms that these questionnaires are dependable in measuring the variables. Correlation analysis proves that digital marketing and brand awareness positively and significantly correlate with consumer intentions. Likewise, regression analysis suggests that brand awareness partially mediates the relationship between digital marketing and consumer intention. Finally, some practical implications for marketing managers and large and small companies are presented. It is suggested that digital marketers of these companies must focus on creating brand awareness, which enhances the consumer's intention to use the online platform of these companies. It is recommended that future research should incorporate other variables in this nexus to check if they can also enhance the association between digital marketing and consumer intentions.
How Behavioral Finance Impacts Investor Decision-Making: an Empirical Study of the Pakistan Stock Exchange
This research intended to explore the impact of behavioral finance on investor decision making within Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). A Quantitative explanatory research was used. Data was collected using convenience sampling from retail investors from a representative sample. 412 filled questionnaires were used for the analysis. Data was tested through Smart PLS that is an application that runs using structure equation modeling (SEM). In broad terms, our empirical findings suggest that an excessive risk-taking culture can be a source of financial instability. Our findings suggest that financial behavioral biases such as, herd mentality, overconfidence and loss aversion that significantly affect investor decision-making in the stock market have practical implications for market practitioners and policy makers suggesting the need for better understanding of investor behavior and strategies to promote more rational share pricing in the stock market. In recognizing and dealing with these biases, market participants’ individual investment decisions could potentially be enhanced and in resolving market inefficiencies, these biases could be their mitigation.
Does Pakistan's Fiscal Deficit Curb Economic Growth? An ARDL Bound Testing Methodology
This study examines Pakistan's fiscal deficit dilemma with an emphasis on economic development. The ARDL technique was used to analyze secondary data from 1982 to 2020 for the study. The results suggest that fiscal deficits financed by debt may involve only the allocation of financial capitals from the private firms to the public sector and can hurt economic development. According to the study, Pakistan's fiscal deficit is the result of ineffectiveness in the tax structure and a high proportion of unproductive outlays, including security, debt repayment, and needless parliamentary spending. The research also includes recommendations for addressing the deficit problem. The primary objective of government policies is to restrict excessive domestic credit expansion to evade the contrary impact of fiscal deficit. Additionally, the authorities must reduce the loaning rate to encourage a vigorous investment climate, which will increase employment prospects and government income.
An Empirical Nexus between Corporate Governance Practices and Cost of Equity: Evidence from PSX-Listed Firms
The current study scrutinizes the relationship between the cost of equity and corporate governance practices within companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is applied to determine the cost of equity. A Sys-GMM model was applied to a sample of 170 businesses listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2014 to 2019 to establish a connection between the variables. Sys-GMM is effective in addressing endogeneity issues related to corporate governance variables. In addition, the Sys-GMM results were compared with pooled OLS and fixed effects. It was discovered that the subsequent approaches failed to address the endogeneity issue, consequently yielding biased results. The findings unveiled a negative nexus amid cost of equity and block ownership. The output indicated that board size plays a key role in reducing the cost of equity. Interestingly, audit quality is directly related to equity cost, however, female directors and leverage were not linked with the cost of equity. The findings will direct policymakers in expanding or adapting the scope and depth of corporate governance practices, which will certainly facilitate the production of the right corporate climate in the country.